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　　Human needs seem endless．When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view．

　　The many needs of mankind might be made up of several levels．When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears．

　　The first and most basic level of needs involves food．Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears．By the end of World War Ⅱ, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans．Then a third level appeared．It included such items as automobiles and new houses．

　　By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied．Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared：the“l(fā)ife-enriching”level．While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feed in comfort, safety and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement and happiness．It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called“l(fā)uxury” items．Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation．Also included here are fancy goods and the latest fashions．

　　On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods．Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?

　　A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action．Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudice．After falling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth and our minds, we now may seek to ensure health, safety and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels．

(1)

Man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when he has ________．

[　　]

A．

saved up enough money

B．

grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter

C．

satisfied his need of food

D．

learned to build houses

(2)

It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War Ⅱ, most Americans ________．

[　　]

A．

were very rich

B．

lived in poverty

C．

had their new houses

D．

did not own automobiles

(3)

Which of the following is NOT related to“physical satisfaction”?

[　　]

A．

Watching a football match．

B．

A comfortable home．

C．

A good meal．

D．

A family car．

(4)

What is people's main concern on the fourth level?

[　　]

A．

More goods．

B．

More mental satisfaction．

C．

Community action．

D．

More earnings．

(5)

The author tends to think that the fifth level ________．

[　　]

A．

would be easier to attain than the fourth level

B．

would be more concerned with social services

C．

would lose interest in“physical satisfaction”

D．

would be attainable before the government takes actions

答案：1．C;2．D;3．A;4．B;5．B;
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：三點(diǎn)一測(cè)叢書　高中英語(yǔ)　必修4　(譯林＋牛津版課標(biāo)本) 譯林＋牛津版課標(biāo)本 題型：054

完形填空

　　For most of us, success in school has very little to do with actual learning．The most important thing you have to master is how to play the grade(分?jǐn)?shù))games．　　1　　 you think out your own strategies(策略)for getting high marks, everything 　　2　　 up to you．You may be 　　3　　 to a well-known college or win a scholarship, 　　4　　 to mention gaining the admiration(贊美)of your teachers and parents．

　　But not everyone does well on tests．At 　　5　　, it can almost turn into a funny game of hit and 　　6　　．Some students haven't mastered the 　　7　　 of test taking, some fear under pressure(壓力)or need more time or another way to 　　8　　 what they know．

　　Being a school 　　9　　 means learning the ins and outs of the school system．Then you have to work things to your 　　10　　．Lots of students are already doing it without even 　　11　　 it．Getting high grades also 　　12　　 on knowing each teacher's little idiosyncrasies(特性)．For example, I 　　13　　 had to take an examination, so one day in 　　14　　 classes I talked to the teacher I had wanted to．I told him how I'd heard what a really 　　15　　 teacher he was, and how disappointed I was that I'd have to graduate 　　16　　 having been in his class．I lied．It 　　17　　．I had counted on the chemistry teacher being human, and he 　　18　　．I wasn't proud of myself for what I did．But I considered it 　　19　　 of the grade game we're pushed into 　　20　　 to aim at going to the best schools．

(1)
[　　]

A．

Before

B．

Unless

C．

Once

D．

While

(2)
[　　]

A．

looks

B．

turns

C．

opens

D．

brings

(3)
[　　]

A．

permitted

B．

allowed

C．

agreed

D．

admitted(接收)

(4)
[　　]

A．

only

B．

not

C．

with

D．

no

(5)
[　　]

A．

times

B．

once

C．

last

D．

first

(6)
[　　]

A．

miss

B．

lose

C．

strike

D．

blow

(7)
[　　]

A．

game

B．

art

C．

interest

D．

result

(8)
[　　]

A．

speak

B．

take

C．

keep

D．

recall

(9)
[　　]

A．

master

B．

house

C．

failure

D．

success

(10)
[　　]

A．

points

B．

ideas

C．

advantages

D．

freedom

(11)
[　　]

A．

remembering

B．

realizing

C．

teaching

D．

understanding

(12)
[　　]

A．

bases

B．

depends

C．

calls

D．

takes

(13)
[　　]

A．

once

B．

then

C．

after

D．

before

(14)
[　　]

A．

between

B．

among

C．

after

D．

before

(15)
[　　]

A．

bad

B．

terrible

C．

honest

D．

good

(16)
[　　]

A．

after

B．

before

C．

without

D．

from

(17)
[　　]

A．

worked

B．

effected

C．

mattered

D．

did

(18)
[　　]

A．

refused

B．

accepted

C．

agreed

D．

was

(19)
[　　]

A．

one

B．

none

C．

part

D．

member

(20)
[　　]

A．

taking

B．

playing

C．

making

D．

enjoying

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2011年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一仿真考試（一）英語(yǔ)試題 題型：050

閱讀下面的短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　The Cave Crawler mining robot

　　Why do human beings still risk their lives under ground and doing one of the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the world? It’ s an increasingly urgent question, given the recent high－profile(引人注目的)mining accidents in Sago, W．Va．, and Huntington, Utah．A small group of engineers and robotics experts envision(展望)a day in the not－too－distant future when robots and other technology do most of the dangerous mining work．

　　One of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at Carnegie－Mellon University's Robotics Institute．It was called Groundhog and it looked like a golf cart．It used lasers to “see” in dark tunnels and map abandoned mines－some of the most dangerous work in the business．

　　The latest prototype is called Cave Crawler．It's a bit smaller than Groundhog, and even more advanced．It can take photos and video and has sensors mounted that can detect the presence of dangerous gases．Incredibly, the robot has a real sense of logic．If it comes across an obstacle it gets momentarily confused, it has to think through the process and where to go next, and sometimes it throws a fit just like a real person．

　　The biggest obstacle, though, is cost．The original research project was federally funded, but that money has dried up, and it's not clear where future funding will come from．Partly for that reason, and partly because of advances in safety, mining is not nearly as dangerous as it was in the past．Since 1990, fatalities have declined by 67 percent, and injuries by 51 percent, according to the National Mining Association．

　　Some experts predict that robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry．The robots do the most repetitive and dangerous jobs, but don't eliminate the need for human workers．

(1)

The phrase “throw a fit” in the 3rd paragraph probably means ________．

[　　]

A．

get angry

B．

get shocked

C．

become excited

D．

become cheerful

(2)

The latest robot is more advanced than Groundhog mainly because ________．

[　　]

A．

it can map abandoned mines

B．

it's a bit smaller than Groundhog

C．

it can see in the dark tunnel

D．

the robot has a real sense of logic

(3)

We can infer from the last paragraph that ________．

[　　]

A．

the mine robots will have a very bright future

B．

robots in mines will serve much in the automotive industry

C．

there will be no need for human workers in mines

D．

robots in mines have a long way to go

(4)

Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?

[　　]

A．

High－profile mining accidents in America．

B．

Could robots replace humans in mines?

C．

The development of robot．

D．

Cave Crawler, the latest robot．

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：山東省濟(jì)南市2012屆高三上學(xué)期12月考英語(yǔ)試題 題型：051

閱讀表達(dá)

閱讀下面短文并回答問題，然后將答案寫到題后相應(yīng)的位置上(請(qǐng)注意問題后的字?jǐn)?shù)要求)。

　　[1] High school is thought by many to be an exciting time when you make lasting friendships and look forward to college life．However, as all young people know, high school is full of pressures．

　　[2] Fitting in is not only a major part of middle school and high school, but it is also crucial throughout life．The dream of being one of the “in-crowd” isn’t a desire you can simply tell yourself not to have; it’s something you should try to avoid．

　　[3] Teachers and parents constantly tell us to be ourselves, but many of us have no idea who we really are．Those around us will always influence the choices and decisions we make．So how do you break the pattern? How can you pull away from the trends of today and make something that’s truly your own?

　　[4] First, you need to gather up some courage, because being different from everyone else can be a little nerve-racking(令人緊張的)．

　　[5] Secondly, if you want to get anywhere, you must stop comparing yourself to others．Set aside any insecurity, because when it all comes down to it, you are who you are, and that’s all you will ever be．

　　[6] Others will always influence you, and that’s OK; it’s human nature．But don’t become a clone just so you can get to the top of the social pyramid．

　　[7] It will be tough at first, but if you show others that you are confident in yourself, I can tell you firsthand that they will become more accepting of the way you are．

1．What is the main idea of the text?(no more than 8 words)

_________________

2．Why is it difficult to be ourselves?(no more than 8 words)

_________________

3．Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one?

Being accepted by peers is important at school, and in life generally．

_________________

4．List three things you can do to be yourself according to the text．(no more than 10 words)

①________　②________�、踎_______

5．Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese．

_________________

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail.?

Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her child's hurriedly-made table as “perfect”!Even though it couldn't stand on uneven (not same in height) legs. Another way is to shift blame. If John fails in science, his teacher is unfair or stupid.?

The trouble with failure—prevention methods is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time—and that it's possible to enjoy a game even when you don't win. A child who's not invited to a birthday party, who doesn't make the honor roll or the baseball team feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick comfort prize or say “It doesn't matter”,because it does. The young should be allowed to experience disappointment and be helped to master it.

Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts grown-ups and children exactly alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask “Why did I fail?”. Control the natural impulse(沖動(dòng)) to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can improve. If someone else can help, don't be shy about asking them.?

This passage mainly tells us about _______.?

A. the reasons why people fail

B. how to fail?

C. the ways to prevent failures

D. the importance of facing failures?

When the writer says “every person has the right to fail”, he means to say _______.

A. the world is full of failures 　　　　　　 

B. no one is perfect?

C. failures are quite common in our lives　　　　　

D. no one can grow up mentally without failures?

By “protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed”, the writer means that most parents try their best _______.?

A. to let their children know that they won't fail?

B. not to teach their children about knowledge of failure?

C. to provide their children for the knowledge against failure?

D. to keep their children from realizing that they failed?

According to the writer, _______.

A. parents should tell their children to think nothing of not being chosen into a football team?

B. children should be encouraged to get rid of disappointment all by themselves

C. parents should judge what their children have done as it is?

D. children should learn to enjoy a game that they won't win??

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2006年高考試題（山東卷）解析版 題型：閱讀理解

 

PITTSBURGH – For most people, snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening. But Howie Choset sees in their delicate movements a way to save lives.

The 37-year-old Carnegie Mellon University professor has spent years developing snake-like robots， he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies.

Dan Kara is president of Robotics Trends, a Northboro, Mass.-based company that publishes an online industry magazine and runs robotics trade shows. He said there are other snake-like robots being developed, mainly at universities, but didn’t know of one that could climb pipes.

The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and can be controlled with a joystick(操縱桿). They move smoothly with the help of small electric motors, or servos, commonly used by hobbyists in model airplanes.

Built from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller.They can sense which way is up, but are only as good as their human operators, Choset added.

Sam Stover, a search term manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency based in Indiana, said snake-type robots would offer greater mobility than equipment currently available, such as cameras attached to extendable roles.

“It just allows us to do something we’ve ot been able to do before,”Stover said, “We needed them yesterday.”

He said sniffer dogs are still the best search tool for rescue workers, but that they can only be used effectively when workers have access to damaged building.

Stover, among the rescue workers who handled the aftermath (后果) of Hurricane Katrina, said snake robots would have helped rescuers search flooded houses in that disaster.

Choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five to ten years, depending on funding.

1.Which institution is responsible for the development of Choset’s robots?

A. Robotics Trends.        　　　　B. Pittsburgh City Council.

C. Carnegie Mellon University.      D. Federal Emergency Management Agency.

2.Choset believes that his invention ______.

A. can be attached to an electronic arm

B. can be used by hobbyists in model airplanes

C. can find victims more quickly than a sniffer dog

D. can sense its way no better than its operators

3.By saying “We needed them yesterday” (paragraph 7), Stover means that snake-like robots _____.

A. could help handle the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

B. would have been put to use in past rescue work

C. helped rescuers search flooded houses yesterday

D. were in greater need yesterday than today

4.What is the text mainly about?

A. Snake-like robots used in industries.

B. Snake-like robots made to aid in rescues.

C. The development of snake-like robots.

D. The working principles of snake-like robots.

 

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