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閱讀理解

　　Dreams can happen in any of the four stages of sleep．The most memorable and clearest dreams happen in the last stage of sleep(also known as REM sleep)．The sleep cycle repeats about four to five times every night．So you can see how a person has several different dreams in one night．Most people only remember dreams that happen closer to the morning when they are about to wake up．That you can’t remember those dreams does not mean they never happened．

　　The stages in the sleep cycle are organized by the changes in different brain activities．

　　Stage 1：You are entering into light sleep．In this stage, your eyes move rapidly．We call this NREM．The body gets relaxed and your body temperature lowers．Your heart rate lowers, too．The body is preparing to enter into deep sleep．

　　Stage 2：Also characterized by NREM．In this stage, the body temperature and heart rate drop again．You are completely asleep．

　　Stage 3：Still in the NREM stage, this is a deeper sleep still．

　　Stage 4：In this stage of sleep, your eyes move back or forward．We call it REM sleep．This stage happens at about 90-100 minutes after the beginning of sleep．Your blood pressure rises, heart rate speeds up．The majority of your dreams happen in this stage．

　　These stages repeat themselves throughout a night’s sleep．

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閱讀理解

　　Plant scientists consider them as fruit．Most other people think of them as vegetables．Whatever you call tomatoes, there are many different kinds of this popular and healthy food．

　　There are two groups of the plants．Small tomato plants grow to about one meter．They can be planted rather close together．Some short kinds do not require special care and are often gotten crop by machines．Large tomato plants can grow over two meters tall．They also produce larger fruits．

　　People who grow only a few plants can place wire cages around each one．The cage can be made of wire fence material．The cage helps the plant grow taller and produce a better crop．

　　Tomatoes often need extra calcium(Ca), or the fruits may be ruined．Add lime to the soil can solve this problem．Dry lands may also ruin the fruits．Tomatoes need water regularly．The soil should never dry out completely．Dried grass or leaves placed around the plant can help hold water in the soil and stop the growth of unwanted plants．

　　Tomatoes are native to South America．The tomato is a member of the potato family．The leaves of the plant are poisonous, like the leaves of its relatives．Before the 18^th century, people grew tomatoes only as pretty plants．They called the bright red fruit a “l(fā)ove apple”, but would not eat it．

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閱讀理解

　　Imagine you are an astronaut, you find a new planet that looks like the earth, and when you want to put the flag on it, you find out that this planet has already got population．What would you do?

　　The US astronaut, Charles “Chuck” Backer, in the new cartoon film Planet 51 just comes across this thing．

　　Planet 51 is a place where there is no human being．So Chuck arrives in the planet and wants to name it “the US”．But he suddenly finds himself surrounded by lots of little green aliens．

　　These aliens live in fear that they may be invaded by strange being．They have never seen an alien until Chuck arrives．They think it is terrible and they get ready to defend themselves or attack Chuck．They send him to the Planet 51 Alien Invaders Space Museum．Chuck is very scared and tries to escape．The only thing he can do is to make his spaceship work and fly back to the earth．Luckily, he makes friends with a young alien named Lem．Then the adventure begins．

　　Planet 51 is a science fiction movie．It tells us that whether we are on the earth or in another society with aliens, we should accept the things that are different in our lives and experience them actively．In this way, we can grow up and understand ourselves better by changing．

　　The film is very funny and full of happiness．Will Chuck return home? If you want to know, see it!

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閱讀理解

　　Think rock, paper, scissors is a children’s game? Think again．

　　Top players from around the world came together in Toronto to compete for a ten thousand Canadian dollar prize and the title of world champion．

　　More than 500 players, including national champions from Australia, Norway and New Zealand, attended．

　　The simple game is often used to make decisions and solve some simple problems．

　　Players hold their fists closed and count to three before making a fist(rock), a flat hand(paper)or two fingers(scissors)．Paper covers rock, scissors cut paper and rock breaks scissors．

　　Players have different ideas about the history of the game, but it is commonly believed to have been played for centuries in Japan．

　　The Paper Scissors Stone Club opened in England in 1842 and players could play together there．

　　In 1918, the name was changed to World RPS Club and its headquarters moved from London to Toronto．

　　The world championship has been held since 2002, which is held once every year．

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閱讀理解

　　Young people and older people do not always agree．They sometimes have different ideas about living, working and playing．But in one special program in New York State, adults and teenagers live together in a friendly way．

　　Each summer 200 teenagers and 50 adults live together for eight weeks as members of a special work group．Everyone works several hours each day．They do so not just to keep busy but to find meaning and fun in work．Some teenagers work in the forests or on the farms near the village．Some learn to make things like tables and chairs and to build houses．The adults teach them these skills．

　　There are several free hours each day．Weekends are free, too．During the free hours some of the teenagers learn photo-taking or drawing．Others sit around and talk or sing．Each teenager chooses his own way to pass his free time．

　　When people live together, they should have rules．In this program the teenagers and the adults make the rules together．If someone breaks a rule, the problem goes before the whole group．They talk about it and ask, “Why did it happen? What should we do about it?”

　　One of the teenagers has said something about it：“You have to stop thinking only about yourself．You learn how to think about the group．”

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閱讀理解

　　As prices and building costs keep rising, “the do-it-yourself”(DIY)trend(趨勢)in the US continues to grow．

　　“We needed furniture for our living room,” says John Kose, “and we didn’t have enough money to buy it．” So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs．John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they are struggling(努力)to make a home when the cost of living is very high．The Koses took a 2-week course for ＄ 280 at a night school．Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house．

　　Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died．He has a full-time job at home as well as in a shoe-making factory．Last month, he received a car repair bill for ＄420．“I was very upset about it．Now I’ve finished a car repair course．I should be able to fix the car myself．”

　　John and Jim are not unusual people．Most families in the country are doing everything they can save money so they can fight the high cost of living．If you want to become a “do-it-yourself”, you can go to DIY classes．And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how to do things yourself．

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閱讀理解

　　“If you want to see a thing well, reach out and touch it!”

　　That may seem a strange thing to say．But touching things can help you to see them better．Your eyes can tell you that a glass ball is round．But by holding it in your hands, you can feel how smooth and cool the ball is．You can tell how heavy the glass it．When you feel all these about the ball, you really see it．

　　With your skin, you can feel better．For example, your fingers can tell the difference between two coins in your pockets．You can feel a little drop of water on the back of your hand, too．You can even feel sounds against your skin．Have you wanted to know why some people like very loud music? They must like to feel the sounds of music．

　　All children soon learn what “Don’t touch!” means．They hear it often．Yet most of us keep on touching things as we grow up．In shops, we touch things we might buy：food, clothes．To see something well, we have to touch it．

　　The bottom of our feet can feel things, too．You know this when you walk on warm sand, cool grass or a hard floor．All feel different under your feet．

　　There are ways of learning to see well by feeling．One way is to close your eyes and try to feel everything that is touching your skin．Feel the shoes on your feet, the clothes on your body, the air on your skin．At first, it is not easy to feel these things．You are too used to them．

　　Most museums are just for looking．But today some museums have things for visitors to touch．Their signs say, “Do touch!” there you can feel everything on show．

　　If you want to see better, reach out and touch．Then you will really see．

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閱讀理解

　　※Live Music－Late Night Jazz　Enjoy real American jazz from Herbie Davis, the famous trumpet player．He is known play well into the early hours, so don’t want to get much sleep．

　　※Scottish Dancing　Scottish dancing is nice and easy to learn．The wonderful dance from England will be given．

　　※Shows- Anhui Museum　There are 12,000 pieces on show here．You can see the whole of Chinese history．

　　※Hotels　Three-star hotels whose service can make you feel at home．

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閱讀理解

Mary likes to invent things．She creates a new language and teaches it to her friend, Jean．Mary and Jean like to talk to each other in their own language because they think no one understands them and it is funny．When they go shopping, they say things like：“Look! He is fat．” “This CD is awful．” “I want to eat free hamburgers．” A clerk comes but he can’t understand what they say．He asked them：“May I help you?” Mary and Jean just laugh．What fun it is to create something new．

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閱讀短文

　　Do you know why you sleep? You may think it’s because you’re tired．Or perhaps you’ve been told sleep is good for you．Yet no one knows exactly why or how people sleep．

　　Until the early 1950s, most scientists thought the body and brain rested during sleep．Then a scientist watched people sleep．He noticed that during periods of between 5 and 30 minutes each, sleepers’ eyes made rapid movements, as if they were watching something．He called these periods REM sleep, for Rapid Eye Movement．Periods when sleepers’ eyes did not move he called non-REM sleep．

　　Whenever the scientist woke people during REM sleep, they were having vivid dreams．Measurements showed that sleepers’ pulses(脈搏)went up quickly during REM sleep．Their breathing, heartbeat, and the blood going to the brain also increased．Far from being a time of rest, REM sleep is a time when the body is hard at work．Scientists still don’t know the reason for this．Some believe REM sleep makes learning easier．Babies spend a lot of time in REM sleep．Because of this, some scientists believe that REM sleep helps the brain grow．Others think REM sleep is a time for the brain to empty the day’s garbage．

　　One thing all the scientists agree on is that sleep is necessary．Without enough sleep, people make mistakes．Most major car accidents happen during the early morning hours, when people are sleepiest．

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