Remember to spend some time ______ your loved ones, because they’re not going to be
around forever.
A. from B. with C. in D. on
B
【解析】
試題分析:句意:記住,花一些時(shí)間與您的親人在一起,因?yàn)樗麄儾粫?huì)永遠(yuǎn)在你身邊。A. from從, B. with和,C. in在……內(nèi),D. on在……上面。據(jù)題意,故選B。
考點(diǎn):考查介詞辨析。
考點(diǎn)分析: 考點(diǎn)1:介詞和介詞短語介詞是一種用來表示詞詞, 詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨(dú)作句字成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類,短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構(gòu)成介詞詞組,在句中作狀語,表語,補(bǔ)語或介詞賓語。
介詞分類及用法
一、表示時(shí)間的介詞
時(shí)間介詞有in , on,at, after, since,during,by,before,after,until等,前三個(gè)介詞用法有個(gè)口訣: at午夜、點(diǎn)與分,上午、下午、晚用in。
年、月、年月、季節(jié)、周,之前加上介詞in。
將來時(shí)態(tài)多久后,這些情形亦用in!
日子、日期、年月日,星期之前要用on。
其余幾組常見的時(shí)間介詞辨析如下辨析如下:
1、時(shí)間介詞in與after 的用法辨析
介詞 in + 一段時(shí)間用于一般將來時(shí)。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.
介詞after + 一段時(shí)間用于一般過去時(shí)。如:My mother came home after half an hour.
介詞after + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)常用于一般將來時(shí)。如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper.
2、時(shí)間介詞for與since的用法辨析
介詞for 表示一段時(shí)間如:I have been living here for 10 years.
介詞since 表示從過去某一時(shí)間以來如:I have been living here since 2000.
3、時(shí)間介詞before與by的用法辨析
介詞before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .
介詞by表示“到…時(shí)為止,不遲于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday.
4、時(shí)間介詞during與for的用法辨析
當(dāng)所指的時(shí)間起止分明時(shí)用介詞during如:He swims every day during the summer.
如果一段時(shí)間不明確則用介詞for如:I haven’t seen her for years.
5、時(shí)間介詞till與until用法的異同
till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…為止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.
till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。
如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.
till多用于普通文體,而 until則用于多種文體,并且在句子開頭時(shí),用until而不用till如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.
注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞。
二、表示方位的介詞
常用的表示方位的介詞用法及辨析如下:
1、方位介詞on, over, above的用法辨析
介詞on表示一物放在另一物上面,兩者緊貼在一起,如:The book is on the table.
介詞over表示一種垂直懸空的上下關(guān)系,即“在…上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river?
介詞above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”,如:There was an electric clock above his bed.
2、方位介詞under與below的用法辨析
介詞under是over的反義詞即“在…下方”,如:They were seen under the tree.
介詞below是above的反義詞即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如:They live below us.
3、方位介詞across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析
介詞across著重于“從一頭或一邊到另一頭或另一邊”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從表面穿過。
如:She went across the street to make some purchases.
介詞through著重于“穿越”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從一定的空間內(nèi)穿過。
如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.
介詞over多表示從“上方越過”,如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.
介詞past表示從“面前經(jīng)過”,如:Someone has just gone past the window.
4、地點(diǎn)介詞at與in的用法辨析
介詞at表示較小的地方,如家、村、鄉(xiāng)村等,如:He lives at a small village.
介詞in表示較大的地方,如大城市、國家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing.
5、表示東南西北的時(shí)候,地點(diǎn)介詞in、on、to的用法辨析
介詞in表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north of China.
介詞on表示“緊鄰”如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S.
介詞to表示“沒接觸”如:France lies to the south of England.
三、表示方式、手段、或工具的介詞by,in,on,with.
1、by,in,on,表示交通方式。用by 時(shí),交通工具前不用任何詞;用 in和on 時(shí),交通工具前用冠詞或形容詞性物主代詞。例如by car=in a car,by bike=on a bike.
2、表示手段或工具,with后跟具體工具,如I write with a pen;in表示使用某種語言或墨水、顏色等原料,例如:in English.
四、介詞的固定搭配
across from在對(duì)面 look for 尋找 look after 照顧 get on with 與某人相處
agree with 同意(某人) arrive at(in) 到達(dá) ask for 詢問 begin…with 從……開始 believe in 相信 break off 打斷 break out 爆發(fā) bring down 降低 bring in 引進(jìn) bring up 教育,培養(yǎng) build up 建起 burn down 燒光 call back 回電話 call for 要求約請(qǐng) call on 拜訪 訪問 care for 喜歡 carry on 繼續(xù)開展 carry out 實(shí)行開展 check out 查明 結(jié)帳 come about 發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生 come out 出來 come to 共計(jì) 達(dá)到 compare…with 與……比較 compare to 比作 cut off 切斷 date from 始于 depend on 依靠 devote to 獻(xiàn)于 die out 滅亡 divide up 分配 dream of 夢(mèng)想 fall off 下降 fall over 跌倒 feed on 以……為食 get down to 專心于 get through 通過
常見考法
對(duì)于介詞的考察,通常是以單項(xiàng)選擇或完形填空形式考查介詞用法,尤其是幾個(gè)易混淆的代詞。另外,介詞與動(dòng)詞和形容詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配也是常見的考試內(nèi)容。
誤區(qū)提醒
1、掌握介詞固定搭配
2、準(zhǔn)確把握介詞及介詞短語的基本意義和用法。
典型例題1:Peter usually gets up early the morning.
A in B on C at D of
解析;這是2008年北京市的一道中考題,本題考查時(shí)間介詞的用法!霸谠缟稀睉(yīng)為in the morning.
答案:A
典型例題2:-How do you usually go to school?
- my bike.
A By B In C On
解析; 雖然介詞by表示“乘坐”,但是它所接的名詞前沒有限定詞,即by bike.而本題中bike 前有限定詞my,這時(shí)應(yīng)用on.
答案:C
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