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surface

1)n．the outside or top of something

e．g．More than 70％ of the earth ________ is covered by water．

2)n．what is clean in the situation and not hidden

e．g．The level of staff unhappiness only came to the ________ when they started to leaving the company．

3)adj．surface mail：letters and parcels that travel by land and sea

e．g．Most of the letters are ________．

4)v．to come to the top of a body of water

e．g．She ________ to take in air．

答案：1)surface;2)surface;3)surface letter;4)surfaced
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科目：初中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解


After spending years searching for a planet with life, scientists may have found one. In September 2010, a team of US scientists discovered an Earth-sized planet called Gliese 581g. It has a surface temperature neither too hot nor too cold for liquid（液態(tài)）water. Scientists think there is a chance that the planet could have life.
The planet Gliese 581g goes around a star called Gliese 581, which is about 20 light-years from Earth. That is about 194 trillion（萬億）kilometres －500 million times farther away from us than the moon.
A spacecraft traveling at a one-tenth of the speed of light would reach Gliese 581g within about 220 years. A human can’t live that long, but robotic explorers could make the job easier. However, our fastest spacecraft don’t come anywhere near that one-tenth light-speed mark.
At present, scientists don’t know what the surface might be like on Gliese 581g. What they know is that the planet is at the sight distance from its star to have liquid water. It’s also at the right distance to have an atmosphere that could protect the water if it is on the surface.
Although spacecraft won’t be getting there anytime soon, one way to look for life on Gliese 581g is to turn our radio telescopes（望遠(yuǎn)鏡）towards the planet and search for radiation（放射）. By studying the radiation, scientists would find out about the chemicals（化學(xué)物質(zhì)）around the planet and discover it Gliese 581g has an atmosphere. If it has one, studying the atmosphere would give us a good idea if the planet has life or not. But it’ll probably be many years before we can do this properly.
People have been arguing about whether there is alien life on Gliese 581g. Any discussion about alien life is just guessing at this point, according to its discoverers.
【小題1】 What did scientists find in September 2010?
A．A planet with water. B．A planet similar to the earth.
C．A planet without life.D．A planet near the earth.
【小題2】According to the article, Gliese 581g ________.
A．is at the right distance from its starB．moves around the earth
C．is as far away from us as the moonD．can be reached in about 220 years
【小題3】 Paragraph 5 is mainly about ______.
A．the possibility of living on Gliese 581g
B．the kinds of chemicals around Gliese 581g
C．the way of looking for life on Gliese 581g
D．the aim of studying the radiation on Gliese 581g
【小題4】Which of the following is the best title for the passage above?
A．Gliese 581g, a Likely Living PlanetB．Gliese 581, a Likely Living Planet
C．Gliese 581g and Its StarD．Gliese 581g and Radiation

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科目：初中英語 來源：2011年廣西省北海市中考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Earthquake safety tips
On April 14,2010, a big earthquake hit Yushu,Qinghai.Over,2,000 people died. Many people were hurt. Why are there earthquakes?
The surface of the Earth has many pieces. These pieces are always moving. When two pieces move past each other, there is an earthquake.
Scientist are working hard to find out more about earthquakes. They try to predict(預(yù)測) them, but it’s very hard.
Do you    know how to get ready for an earthquake? Do you know what to do during an earthquake? Here are some things you should know.
What to do before an earthquake
Make sure you have two bottles of water, a packet of biscuits(餅干),a clean towel(毛巾),a few band-aids(創(chuàng)口貼),a radio and a flashlight(電筒) at home.
What to do during an earthquake
If you are inside:
★    Stay where you are. Quickly move under a strong desk, or along a wall. This will protect you from falling things.
★    Don’t stand near windows.
★    Turn off the lights.
★    Don’t get into a lift during an earthquake. If your are in a lift, get out as quickly as possible.
If you are outside:
★    Don’t stand near buildings. Things may fall on you.
★    Lie on the ground until the shaking stops.
【小題1】An earthquake hit Yushu _______.

A．on April 12,2010B．on April 14,2010C．on May 14,2010D．on May 12,2010
【小題2】You need ________ at home before an earthquake.
A．some water and biscuitsB．a(chǎn) clean towel and a few band-aids
C．a(chǎn) radio and a flashlightD．a(chǎn)ll of the things above
【小題3】You must protect yourself in an earthquake by ________.
A．keeping you from falling thingsB．turning on the lights
C．standing near the windowD．getting into a lift
【小題4】The reason why an earthquake happens is that __________.
A．the surface of the earth is thin
B．the pieces of the surface are moving slowly
C．two pieces of the surface move past each other
D．there are too many people on the earth
【小題5】Which is TRUE according to the passage when you are outside in an earthquake?
A. You can play under a big tree.
B. You can’t stand near the buildings.
C. You can lie on the ground until the shaking stops.
D. Both B and C.

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科目：初中英語 來源：2011-2012學(xué)年江蘇江陰市長涇片初二下學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解


Napoga is a 12-year-old girl in Ghana(加納)，Africa. It is hard for her family to get clean water. Every morning，she leaves home at half past five to get clean water for her family in a village far away. It takes her six hours to get enough clean water for daily cooking and drinking. She has no time to go to school or to play with her friends. Millions of people in the world are like Napoga. They can't get enough clean water to keep healthy.
Earth Day is April 22. But on all other days，we must also remember it. The water we use is the most important natural resource(自然資源) on the earth.
Water covers 70% of the earth's surface. But most of that is sea water. We can't use it for very many things. Fresh water covers only 1% of the earth's surface.
You probably feel lucky that your life isn't as hard as Napoga's. But that doesn't mean you don't have to worry about water. We all face serious water problems. One of them is water pollution. All kinds of things from cars，factories，farms and homes make our rivers，lakes，and oceans dirty. Polluted water is very bad for people to drink. And dirty water is bad for fish，too. Now, 34% of all kinds of fish are dying out.
How do cars and factories make our water dirty？First，they pollute the air. Then，when it rains，the rain water comes down and makes our drinking water dirty. Dirty rain，called acid rain(酸雨)，is also bad for plants，animals and buildings.
Scientists say that in 30 years，more than half of the people in the world won't have enough clean water. We have to learn how to save more water for ourselves and our children. Here is some advice for saving water：
●Turn off the water while you brush your teeth. You can save as much as 450 liters(升) each month.
●Leaky taps(漏水的龍頭) waste a lot of water. Fix them right away！
●You can easily cut your 10-minute showers in half----and you'll be just as clean.
●When you wash dishes，don't let the water run.
●Only wash clothes when you have a lot to wash. If your washing machine isn't full，you're  wasting water！
【小題1】On the earth，_______.

A．sea water is more widely(廣泛地) used than fresh water
B．there is very little water for our living
C．there is 71% of fresh water
D．we don't need to worry about water
【小題2】Acid rain _______.
A．is only bad for living things
B．can be produced in factories
C．doesn't do harm(傷害) to people，but it's bad for plants，animals and buildings
D．doesn't just do harm to human beings but to animals，plants and buildings
【小題3】Which of the following wastes water？
A．We need ten minutes if we want a clean shower.
B．We should put in enough clothes when we wash them in washing machines.
C．You can keep yourself clean by having a shower for five minutes.
D．Don't let the water run when we brush our teeth and wash dishes.
【小題4】What's the main idea of the passage？
A．Something must be done to prevent water from being polluted.
B．Clean water means much to human beings and living things around us.
C．It's time to take care of the water we use.
D．Water is the most important natural resource on the earth.

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科目：初中英語 來源：期末題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     In the year 2000, the world's population was about six billion. That's 6 000 000 000!
     By 2025, scientists predict the world will have 7.8 billion people. (3). By 2050, there will be 9.1 billion
people.
     People live on land. About one-third of the world is land. There are seven continents: Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America and Antarctica. Antarctica is the world's coldest and the world's driest
continent.
    The world has four main oceans. (4) They are: the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean
and the Arctic Ocean. Oceans cover about three-quarters of the earth's surface. 不是所有的陸地都適合人們。(5) Some land is too dry. The land is called desert. Deserts cover one-fifth of the earth's surface.
1. How many people were there in the world in 2000?
    _____________________________________________________________________
2. Which continent do you live in? 
    _____________________________________________________________________
3. 把該句譯成漢語。
   ______________________________________________________________________
4. 就劃線部分提問，把該句變成特殊疑問句。
   ______________________________________________________________________
5. 把該句譯成英語。
   ______________________________________________________________________

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