---How about ______ a picnic with us?
---I’d like that, thanks.
A. going B. to have C. having
C
【解析】
試題分析:句意:-和我們一起野餐好嗎?-我很愿意,謝謝。going 去;to have 吃,有,是動(dòng)詞不定式形式;having 吃。How about…,是表示提建議的一個(gè)句型,后面應(yīng)該跟動(dòng)名詞形式。插入“go for a picnic,意為“去野餐”,因此”A選項(xiàng)中缺少一個(gè)介詞for,故選C。
考點(diǎn):考查句型。
考點(diǎn)分析: 考點(diǎn)1:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:在句子不作謂語(yǔ)使用的動(dòng)詞,其形式有不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、動(dòng)名詞和過(guò)去分詞四種(通常我們把現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞統(tǒng)稱為-ing分詞)。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ):非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍保留動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì),可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ),我們將非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和其賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)一起稱作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的判定方法:考慮句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以及其它詞語(yǔ)同非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系和對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的限制,以便選用正確的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判定的基本步驟: ①是否應(yīng)用-ing分詞 ② 是否應(yīng)用不帶to的不定式 ③ -ing分詞還是不定式 ④-ing分詞還是過(guò)去分詞 ⑤ 不定式的用法 一、是否應(yīng)用-ing分詞: 下列情況必須用-ing分詞 1、在下列動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))之后作賓語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)時(shí); 2、在介詞之后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí); 3、作句子主語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí); 4. 位于限定詞后作名詞使用時(shí);、 5、在“go + -ing形式(運(yùn)動(dòng)名稱)”和“ do some + -ing形式”這類固定短語(yǔ)中。 We will go fishing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. She did some shopping last Sunday. 6. –ing分詞前邏輯主語(yǔ)的使用:有時(shí)我們需要在-ing分詞前加上其動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者(邏輯主語(yǔ)),其動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞表示。 二、是否應(yīng)用不帶to的不定式: 下列情況必須使用不帶to的不定式 1、位于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)時(shí); 2、位于would rather , had better , why (not)之后的不定式; 3、位于感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式(注:help之后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式可以帶to也可不帶to); 4、兩個(gè)不定式由and , or , except , but 或 than連接在一起時(shí),第二個(gè)不定式常常不帶to。 三、-ing分詞還是不定式: 1、動(dòng)詞like之后,使用不定式主要說(shuō)明一次性的動(dòng)作;使用-ing分詞主要說(shuō)明存在的狀況。 2、begin和start之后,-ing分詞和不定式都可使用,但如果begin/start自身為-ing分詞時(shí),之后通常用不定式。 3、stop、remember、forget和go on之后的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的判定,主要應(yīng)考慮非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作前是否已發(fā)生:如動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作前,用-ing形式;如動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作后,用不定式。 4、need之后的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的判定,主要考慮句子的主語(yǔ)同非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系:如句子的主語(yǔ)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ),用不定式;如句子的主語(yǔ)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯賓語(yǔ),用-ing形式。 5. 感官動(dòng)詞后的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的判定,主要應(yīng)考慮是說(shuō)明整個(gè)動(dòng)作(不帶to的不定式),還是說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的一部分(-ing形式)。主要有下面幾種情況: (1)句子中有表頻率的詞時(shí),用不帶to的不定式; (2)look at以及see和hear的過(guò)去式后,一般用-ing形式; (3)watch之后,一般用不帶to的不定式。 四、-ing分詞還是過(guò)去分詞: 1. 表伴隨的插入語(yǔ)中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的判定,主要應(yīng)考慮句子的主語(yǔ)同非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系:如句子的主語(yǔ)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ),用-ing形式;如句子的主語(yǔ)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯賓語(yǔ),用過(guò)去分詞。 2. call和name位于名詞后,其后帶上人名、書(shū)名等詞語(yǔ)時(shí),用過(guò)去分詞。 3. there be句中位于名詞后的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,如名詞相當(dāng)于動(dòng)作發(fā)出者(主動(dòng)式),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用-ing分詞,如名詞為動(dòng)作承受者(被動(dòng)式),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去分詞。 五、不定式的用法(非上述四種情況時(shí),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般都使用帶to的不定式): 1.不定式的否定形式:在不定式的小品詞to前加否定詞not。 2. 先行詞it的使用:當(dāng)不定式做句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)或做句子的賓語(yǔ)其后帶有賓補(bǔ)時(shí),為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡,通常將不定式放在句子末尾,而在原主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的位置上加上先行詞it。 3. “wh-詞+不定式”的用法:wh-詞(特殊凝問(wèn)詞)同不定式連用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)wh-詞所引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下原則: ①如wh-詞為凝問(wèn)代詞(what、which、who、whom或whose)時(shí),不定式動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞,但不帶賓語(yǔ)(wh-詞相當(dāng)于不定式動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)) ②如wh-詞為凝問(wèn)副詞(how、when、where等)時(shí),不定式短語(yǔ)中不能再出現(xiàn)表示相同關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ);另:如不定式動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其后必須帶上賓語(yǔ)。 ③如wh-詞為連詞whether時(shí),不定式短語(yǔ)中應(yīng)有表示選擇的部分,否則不定式短語(yǔ)應(yīng)用or not結(jié)尾。 4. 不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ):不定式動(dòng)詞仍保留動(dòng)詞的特性,也有自己的主語(yǔ)(不定式動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者),我們將不定式動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者稱為不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。 5. 不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ):有時(shí)句子中不定式前的某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于不定式的賓語(yǔ),我們將其稱為不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ),此時(shí)不定式的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞詞組(動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),應(yīng)加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~),但不能再帶賓語(yǔ)。 6. 不定式位于名詞后作定語(yǔ):不定式位于名詞后作定語(yǔ)使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意考慮名詞同不定式的關(guān)系。、 ①名詞相當(dāng)于不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ): ②名詞相當(dāng)于不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ):此時(shí)不定式的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞詞組(動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),應(yīng)加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~),但不能再帶賓語(yǔ)。 ③名詞相當(dāng)于不定式的狀語(yǔ):此時(shí)不定式應(yīng)以介詞結(jié)尾(因?yàn)槊~不能直接作狀語(yǔ),而應(yīng)在其前加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)作狀語(yǔ),說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)、方式等,所加的介詞這時(shí)放在不定式后)。
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